The electrical distribution system is the final stage of the electrical power system which delivers electricity to end-users. It starts from the substation and ends at the consumer’s premises.
Components of Electrical Distribution System
1. Feeder
A feeder is a conductor that connects the substation to a particular load center. No tapping is provided in a feeder; therefore, the current remains constant throughout its length. The main design consideration for feeders is their current-carrying capacity.
2. Distributor
A distributor is a conductor from which tapping is done to supply power to consumers. Since tapping occurs along the distributor, the current is not constant and varies with load distribution. The main design concern here is the voltage drop along the distributor length.
3. Service Mains
Service mains are small cables that connect the distributor directly to the consumer terminals. These are typically of lower capacity and are customized per user connection.
Classification of Distribution Systems
Based on different parameters, the distribution system can be classified into the following types:
1. Based on Nature of Current
- DC Distribution System
- AC Distribution System (Preferred due to economic and flexible operation)
2. Based on Type of Construction
- Overhead Distribution System
- Underground Distribution System
3. Based on Scheme of Connection
- Radial Distribution System
- Ring Main Distribution System
- Interconnected Distribution System
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is an electrical distribution system?
It is the part of the power system that delivers electricity from substations to individual consumers, ensuring safe and reliable power distribution.
What are the components of an electrical distribution system?
The main components include feeders, distributors, and service mains.
Why is AC distribution preferred over DC?
AC distribution is more economical, flexible, and allows easy transformation of voltage levels, which is not possible with DC systems.
What is the difference between feeder and distributor?
A feeder carries a constant current from substation to load center without any tapping, whereas a distributor has multiple tapping points and varying current along its length.