Types of Lighting Schemes: Types and Design | Illumination | Utilization of Electrical Energy

Lighting Schemes:

Spreading's of light emitted by means of artificial source such as lamp can be controlled to some extent by using suitable reflectors or translucent or lenses.
Different lighting schemes used in interior design be classified as,
(i) Direct lighting scheme
(ii) Indirect lighting scheme
(iii) Semi-direct lighting scheme
(iv) Semi-indirect lighting scheme
(v) General diffusing scheme

(i) Direct Lighting Scheme:

  1. It is the most commonly used type of lighting scheme.
  2. In this scheme, more than 90% of the total light flux is made to fall directly on the working plane with the help of a suitable deep reflector.
  3. It is most efficient but causes hard shadow and glare.
  4. The utilization factor of direct lighting systems is about 40% to 60%.
  5. It is mainly used for industrial and general outdoor lighting.

(ii) Indirect Lighting Scheme:

  1. In this system, more than 90% of the total light flux is thrown upward to the ceiling for diffuse reflection by using inverted or bowl reflectors.
  2. In such a system ceiling act as a light source, and the glare is reduced to a minimum.
  3. The resulting illumination in that system is softer and more diffuser, and less shadow prominent.
  4. The utilization factor in an indirect lighting system is about 10% to 35%.
  5. It is used for decoration purposes in cinemas, theaters, and hotels, and in workshops where large machines and other obstructions would cause troubleshoot shadow if direct lighting is applied.

(iii) Semi-Direct Lighting Scheme:

In this lighting scheme, 60 to 90% of total light flux is made to fall downwards directly with the help of semi-direct reflectors and the remaining light used to illuminate the ceiling and walls.

(iv) Semi-Indirect Lighting Scheme:

In this lighting scheme, 60 to 90% of total light flux is thrown upward to the ceiling for diffuse reflection and the rest reach the working plane directly except for some absorption by the bowl.
It mainly used for indoor lighting decoration purposes.

(v) General Diffusing Scheme:

In this system, luminaries are employed which have almost equal light distribution downwards and upwards.

General Classification of Luminaries:

FAQs

1. What are the different types of lighting schemes used in interior design?

The primary types of lighting schemes used in interior design include:
  • Direct lighting scheme
  • Indirect lighting scheme
  • Semi-direct lighting scheme
  • Semi-indirect lighting scheme
  • General diffusing scheme

2. What is a direct lighting scheme and where is it commonly used?

A direct lighting scheme directs more than 90% of the total light flux straight onto the working plane using deep reflectors. It is highly efficient but can cause hard shadows and glare. This scheme is commonly used in industrial and general outdoor lighting.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a direct lighting scheme?

  • Advantages: High efficiency with a utilization factor between 40% to 60%
  • Disadvantages: Can cause glare and harsh shadows

4. What is an indirect lighting scheme, and how does it work?

In an indirect lighting scheme, over 90% of the light flux is directed upwards to the ceiling, which then reflects the light diffusely. This is achieved using bowl or inverted reflectors. The system produces softer, more diffused illumination with reduced glare.

5. Where is indirect lighting typically used?

Indirect lighting is commonly used in decorative settings such as cinemas, theaters, hotels, and in workshops where direct lighting would create problematic shadows around large machinery.

6. What is a semi-direct lighting scheme?

A semi-direct lighting scheme directs 60% to 90% of the light downwards onto the working plane, with the remaining light used to illuminate walls and ceilings. This type of lighting is a mix between direct and ambient light distribution.

7. What are the main characteristics of a semi-indirect lighting scheme?

A semi-indirect lighting scheme sends 60% to 90% of the light flux upwards for ceiling reflection, while the remaining light reaches the working plane directly, aside from minor absorption by the bowl. It is often used for indoor decorative lighting.

8. What is the purpose of a general diffusing lighting scheme?

A general diffusing lighting scheme provides balanced light distribution, directing light equally both downwards and upwards. This creates an evenly illuminated space without prominent shadows.

9. What are the benefits of using indirect lighting over direct lighting?

  • Creates a softer, diffused lighting effect
  • Reduces glare and harsh shadows
  • Provides more comfortable and aesthetically pleasing illumination

10. Which lighting scheme is most efficient for industrial use?

The direct lighting scheme is the most efficient for industrial use, as it channels the majority of light directly to the working surface, maximizing illumination.

11. What are common applications of semi-indirect lighting schemes?

Semi-indirect lighting schemes are often used for decorative purposes in interior spaces such as residential rooms, lounges, and commercial buildings where a softer ambiance is desired.

12. How does a general diffusing scheme enhance a space?

A general diffusing scheme enhances a space by ensuring uniform light distribution that minimizes harsh shadows and creates a balanced, visually comfortable environment.

13. What is the best lighting setup for professional video and photography?

The three-point lighting setup (Key Light, Fill Light, and Back Light) is the best technique for professional video and photography. It enhances depth, reduces shadows, and creates a well-balanced, high-quality visual. Learn more about Three-Point Lighting here.
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