Generation, Transmission and Distribution systems are the main components of an electric power system. Generating stations and distribution systems are connected through transmission lines Normally, transmission lines imply the bulk transfer of power by high-voltage links between main load centres. on the other hand, the distribution system is mainly responsible for the conveyance of power to the consumers by means of a lower-voltage network. Electric power is generated in the range of 11kV to 25kV, Which is increased bt the stepped-up transformer to the main transmission voltage. At the substation, the connection between various components is made, for example, lines and transformers and switching of these components are carried out. Transmission level voltages are in the range of 66kV to 400kV for higher. A large amount of power is transmitted from the generating stations to the load centres at 220kV or higher.
The Electrical Power System is divided into 3 part
1. Generation
2. Transmission
3. Distribution
The conversion of electrical energy from different forms
is known as the Generation of electrical energy. It may be converted from different
forms of energy such as Mechanical energy to electrical energy, heat energy to
electrical energy, nuclear energy to electrical energy, solar energy to
electrical energy etc.
There are the different forms of energy to convert electrical
energy are following:
1. The sun
2. The wind
3. Water
4. Fuel
5. Nuclear
energy
The sun is the primary source of energy. The radiation or heat can be focused on a small area by means of the reflector or the photon radiation can be stored by means of the solar cell.
The wind energy is used to run the windmill which drives the generator and by means of faradays low electromagnetic induction, it produced electrical energy.
When water is stored at a suitable place then it possesses potential energy because of the head created. This energy can be converted into mechanical energy and mechanical energy is used to rotate the shaft of the generator and by means of electromagnetic induction, it produced EMF.
The main source of energy as a fuel is Solid fuel(Coal), Liquid Fuel(petrol, diesel etc), and Gas fuel(Natural gas). When the combustion of fuel then heat is produced this heat energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of steam and a turbine, this turbine is coupled to the generator shaft and by rotation of the generator shaft electrical energy is produced.
Toward the end of the 2nd world war, it was discovered that a large amount of heat energy is produced by the fission of uranium and another fissionable atom. This heat energy is also utilized as above.
