Electric Circuit and Network:
The arrangement of energy source(voltage, current), resistance and other circuit element is called an electrical network.Or,Interconnection of two or more element is called an electrical network. The element may be active or passive.
The fig shows an electrical network.
Active element-
The element which supplied electrical energy to the circuit is called an active element. Example- generator, battery etc.
Passive element-
The element which does not supply electrical energy to the circuit is called an active element. Example- a resistor, capacitor, inductor.
Active network-
The network which contains at least one active element is called an active network.
Passive network-
The network which does not contain at least one active element is called a passive network.
As shown in the figure above- the network contains two active elements (E1 and E2) and three passive elements (R1, R2, and R2). Hence total no of the element in this network is 5.
Node-
Node is defined as the point of the network where two or more elements are joint. It is denoted by n.
There is 4 node in the network(A, B, C, and D).
Junction-
The junction is a point where three or more circuit element is joint.
As shown in the network above there are only two junction B and D because here three elements are joint (R1, R2, R3) and (E1, E2, R2) respectively.
Branch –
Branch is a part of the network which lies between the two junction point. Here total no. Of 3 branch BAD, BCD & BD. It is denoted by b.
Loop –
A loop is a closed path of network and it is denoted by l. Here ABDA, BCDB, and ABCDA are a loop.
Formula,
b = l + n – 1where,b is a no of the branch.l is no of the loop.And, n is no of the node.
Ideal voltage source-
The voltage source which maintains constant terminal voltage, it doesn’t matter how much current is drawn. It has zero internal resistance.
Real voltage source-
The voltage source which doesn’t maintain the content terminal voltage at the terminal it doesn’t matter how much current is drawn. It has internal resistance(Rs). This internal voltage cause terminal voltage drop if make current sufficient large.
Ideal current source-
The source which maintains the constant current through it terminal is called the ideal current source.
Real current source-
The source which does not maintain a constant current through its terminal is called a real current source. It has an internal resistance.
Here are 5 multiple-choice questions based on the provided article:
What is the definition of an electrical network?
A) The arrangement of energy sources and resistance
B) The interconnection of two or more elements
C) A system with passive elements only
D) A network containing at least one active element
Correct Answer: B) The interconnection of two or more elements
Which of the following is an example of an active element?
A) Resistor
B) Capacitor
C) Generator
D) Inductor
Correct Answer: C) Generator
How many nodes are there in the given electrical network?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Correct Answer: C) 4
What is the relationship between the number of branches (b), loops (l), and nodes (n) in an electrical network?
A) b = l - n
B) b = l + n – 1
C) b = l / n
D) b = l * n
Correct Answer: B) b = l + n - 1
Which type of voltage source maintains a constant terminal voltage regardless of the current drawn?
A) Ideal voltage source
B) Real voltage source
C) Ideal current source
D) Real current source
Correct Answer: A) Ideal voltage source