Connected load-
Every electrical device has its own rated capacity. The sum of the continuous rating of all the connected device to the supply system is known as a connected load.
For example of a residential load- suppose a residential load contains 5 fans of 75W, 5 tube-light of 80W, 5 LED light of 20W, one refrigerator of 200W and two cooler of 100W. Therefore the connected load is (75*5+80*5+20*5+200+100*2) =1275 W. Hence total connected load is 1275 W.
Maximum Demand-
Maximum demand is defined as the highest level of electrical demand in a specified period of time. For example, the specific demand might be the maximum of all demand such as daily, weekly, monthly or annual.
For example
11 AM to 1PM the demand is 1000W.
1 PM to 5PM the demand is 800W.
5 PM to 10PM the demand is 900W.
10 PM to 4AM the demand is 800W.
4 AM to 11AM the demand is 700W.
Hence the maximum demand for the residential load occurs at 11 AM to 1PM. Hence maximum demand of the residential load will be 1000W.
Demand factor-
It is the ratio of the maximum demand of the system to the total connected load of the system.
Thus demand factor = Maximum demand / Total connected load = 1000 / 1275 = 78%.
Utilization Factor-
It is defined as the ratio of maximum demand of the system to a rated capacity of the system.
Thus utilization factor = Maximum Demand of the System / Rated system capacity
According to the report of MNRE in 2013, the average capacity utilization factor of solar PV plant in India is a range of 15-19%.
Average load-
It is calculated by dividing the area under the load curve by time period.
Load factor-
It is defined as the ratio of average load to the maximum demand.
Load factor = Avg. Load / Maximum demand
Diversity factor-
It is the ratio of the sum of individual maximum demand of the various consumers to the maximum demand of the whole system.
Thus diversity factor = Sum of individual MD/ Coincident maximum demand
Considered four consumers each having the same maximum demand, the load is residential.
Each consumer may have a different habit and different way of leaving, so there's is different between the pattern of consumer load curve hence all their maximum demand may not occur at the same time, so there is diversity in consumption of the load.
Diversity factor is always less than 1.
Loss factor-
It is the ratio of average power loss to maximum load power loss during a specified period of time.
Thus loss factor = Avg. Power loss / Power loss at maximum load.
the end