power electronics belong to the part of power engineering as
well as electronics engineering. Power engineering generally concern with the
power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electrical
energy at better efficiency. While electronics engineering concern with remove
the distortion, harmonic etc from the transmission of power and make flexible
transmission.
Power Electronics Backgrounds
The first electronics revolution began in 1948 with the
invention of the silicon transistor at Bell Telephone Laboratories by Bardeen,
Bratain, and Schockley. Most of today’s advanced electronic technologies are
traceable to that invention, and modern microelectronics has evolved over the
years from thesemsilicon semiconductors. The second electronics revolution
began with the development of a commercial thyristor by the General Electric
Company in 1958. That was the beginning of a new era of power electronics.
Since then, many different types of power semiconductor devices and conversion
techniques have been introduced.
The demand for energy, particularly in electrical forms, is
ever-increasing in order to improve the standard of living.
Power electronics helps with the efficient use of
electricity, thereby reducing power consumption. Semiconductor devices are used
as switches for power conversion or processing, as are solid state electronics
for efficient control of the amount of power and energy flow. Higher efficiency
and lower losses are sought for devices for a range of applications, from
microwave ovens to high-voltage dc transmission. New devices and power
electronic systems are now evolving for even more effective control of power
and energy.
Applications in power transmission include high-voltage dc
(VHDC) converter stations, flexible ac transmission system (FACTS), and
static-var compensators. In power distribution these include dc-to-ac
conversion, dynamic filters, frequency conversion, and Custom Power System.
Application of power Electronics
1. Aerospace:
Space shuttle power supplies, satellite power supply, aircraft power supply.
2. commercial:
Electric heating, Advertising, Fan, pumps, Blower, light dimmer etc
3. Industrial:
Arc furnace, Pump and Compressors, cement mills, rolling mills, welding etc.
4. Telecommunication:
battery charge, power supply.
5. Transportations:
Traction, Locomotive, electric vehicle etc
6. Utility
System: HVAC system, HVDC stystem,
Static-var, circuit breaker etc
7. Residential:
Washing Machine, Vacuum Cleaner, Electric cooler/ heater etc
Advatage of power electronics
1. high
efficiency due to less loss.
2. high
reliability.
3. long
life.
4. less
maintainance.
5. fast
dynamic respoce.
6. small
size and less weight.
7. low cost.
Disadvantage of power electronics
1. power
electronics converter circuit have a tendency to generate harmonics in supply
as well as load.
2. AC-AC or
DC-DC converter operate at low power factor.
3. power
electronics controller have low overload capacity.
4. regeneration
of power is difficult in power electronics converter system.
Power Electronics System
Different power semiconductor device name are following:
1. Diode
2. SCR
3. GTO
4. BJT
5. MOSFET
6. TRIAC
7. IGBT
8. IGCT etc